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Re: [VHFcontesting] DC Power Distribution

To: "'Matt Patterson'" <mattpatt@1starnet.com>,<vhfcontesting@contesting.com>
Subject: Re: [VHFcontesting] DC Power Distribution
From: "Stephen Hicks, N5AC" <n5ac@n5ac.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Aug 2007 09:16:09 -0500
List-post: <mailto:vhfcontesting@contesting.com>
Oh and the other thing is that generators and power supplied work VERY well.
I also run two Honda EU2000i's with a 70A astron and a 50A 28V supply and
that works very well...

Steve 

-----Original Message-----
From: vhfcontesting-bounces@contesting.com
[mailto:vhfcontesting-bounces@contesting.com] On Behalf Of Stephen Hicks,
N5AC
Sent: Wednesday, August 29, 2007 09:15
To: 'Matt Patterson'; vhfcontesting@contesting.com
Subject: Re: [VHFcontesting] DC Power Distribution

Great question ... Here's some things I've done that work and don't work:

1. Power cabling -- I have used everything from heavy guage gasoline-proof
wire I bought at Home Depot to the "thumper stereo" 0,4, and 8-guage wire.
Welding wire is another good option.  I prefer to not use the wire at Home
Deopt because it tends to be less flexible (fewer strands).  I would figure
your max current draw, then lookup the resistance/ft in this table and
calculate the end voltage at your amps and decide what you want to live
with.  Some folks use "13.8" or "14" volts for their starting voltage ...
But if you are sitting on the side of the road operating and your alternator
is not putting out 13.8, you might be better to start lower.  My
recommendation is to start your car, let it idle or drive it for 10 minutes
unitl the battery is charged and then take a voltage reading.  Larger is
always better if you can stuff the wire out of sight.  Use ohms/kft of
course

AWG       Dia-mils  TPI       Dia-mm    Circ-mils Ohms/Kft  Ft/Ohm    Ft/Lb
Ohms/Lb   Lb/Kft    *Amps     MaxAmps

0000       459.99    2.1740    11.684    211592    0.0490     20402
1.5613    0.0001    640.48    282.12    423.18
000        409.63    2.4412    10.405    167800    0.0618     16180
1.9688    0.0001    507.93    223.73    335.60
00         364.79    2.7413    9.2657    133072    0.0779     12831
2.4826    0.0002    402.80    177.43    266.14
 0         324.85    3.0783    8.2513    105531    0.0983     10175
3.1305    0.0003    319.44    140.71    211.06
 1         289.29    3.4567    7.3480     83690    0.1239    8069.5
3.9475    0.0005    253.33    111.59    167.38
 2         257.62    3.8817    6.5436     66369    0.1563    6399.4
4.9777    0.0008    200.90    88.492    132.74
 3         229.42    4.3588    5.8272     52633    0.1970    5075.0
6.2767    0.0012    159.32    70.177    105.27
 4         204.30    4.8947    5.1893     41740    0.2485    4024.7
7.9148    0.0020    126.35    55.653    83.480
 5         181.94    5.4964    4.6212     33101    0.3133    3191.7
9.9804    0.0031    100.20    44.135    66.203
 6         162.02    6.1721    4.1153     26251    0.3951    2531.1
12.585    0.0050    79.460    35.001    52.501
 7         144.28    6.9308    3.6648     20818    0.4982    2007.3
15.869    0.0079    63.014    27.757    41.635
 8         128.49    7.7828    3.2636     16509    0.6282    1591.8
20.011    0.0126    49.973    22.012    33.018
 9         114.42    8.7396    2.9063     13092    0.7921    1262.4
25.233    0.0200    39.630    17.456    26.185
10         101.90    9.8140    2.5881     10383    0.9989    1001.1
31.819    0.0318    31.428    13.844    20.765
11         90.741    11.020    2.3048    8233.9    1.2596    793.93
40.122    0.0505    24.924    10.978    16.468
12         80.807    12.375    2.0525    6529.8    1.5883    629.61
50.593    0.0804    19.765    8.7064    13.060
13         71.961    13.896    1.8278    5178.3    2.0028    499.31
63.797    0.1278    15.675    6.9045    10.357
14         64.083    15.605    1.6277    4106.6    2.5255    395.97
80.447    0.2031    12.431    5.4755    8.2132

Voltage at amp = Voltage at Battery - (max current * Ohms/kft *
distance-in-feet / 1000)

If you figure, conservatively, 12.8v at the battery while at idle, 30feet to
your electronics and a max current draw of 70A, here would be your
voltage-at-amplifier values:

Battery: 12.8
AWG 0000: 12.70
000: 12.67
00: 12.64
0: 12.60
Two runs of 4: 12.54
4: 12.28
Two runs of 8: 12.14
8: 11.48

I use 0-guage because you can see that after 0, things start to fall off
more quickly, but two runs of 4-guage is almost as good.  If you really have
13.8 at idle on your battery AFTER A CHARGE OF THE BATTERY IS COMPLETE, you
can add a volt to these.  I believe today's alternators have a feedback
circuit that cuts them back after the battery is charged and I always
observe a drop after I've been driving a while and then sit at idle so it's
good to know what this true number that represents your idle-while-roving
voltage is.

2. Fusing ... I have had more issues with fuses than anything else in my
rover.  The problems are many, but here are some of them:  When the heat
rises in Texas, temps under the hood or in the back of my rover rise and
fuses pop sometimes when they shouldn't.  I was told by someone that builds
ambulances that you should not fuse your main power line from the battery
back to the accessories.  I originally had a 150 AMP fuse here, but have
removed it.  I have tried several solutions including the large, ANL-style
fuses and found them to be absolutely awful.  Sometimes the solder that
holds the fusable link to the case gets hot and the fuse fails prematurely.
Sometimes the holder and the fuse are not connected well and they heat up
and the fuse fails (again, solder breaks).  I would strongly discourage
using these.  If you are under 40A, I have used the square breakers with two
posts and two tabs on a metal can that you can get at the auto store.  These
are inexpensive and they reset!  So if something blows, you don't have to
disassemble the world...just wait a couple of minutes and it will come back.
I have also used the large blade fuses (see link below) and these seem to
have good contact, etc.  Just stay away from those thumper-stereo-plexiglass
fuse holders...bad news

3. Tanner Electronics in Dallas sells the stereo-thumper-plexiglass
distribution boxes and I find these work well. Large metal block with hex
screws to connect to wire and then a plexiglass cover on top of that.  No
issues found here.

4. Master cut-off.  I prefer to have a master cut-off relay so that
equipment won't kill my car battery.  After trying tens of solutions from
starter relays to other large relays, I have found a great solution.  What I
have discovered is that many of the relays are not designed to handle
staying energized AND conducting 50A of DC at the same time.  The larger
current relays are often designed for intermittient duty.  I'll warn you
that they are expensive: A G9EA relay from Omron (Mouser part #
653-G9EA-1-B-CA-DC12).  I bought mine over a year ago and paid $130 and they
are now something like $140.  Yes, I know it's just a relay, but when I push
ON now, everything always comes on.  If you've been doing this a while and
had failures in master switches at the wrong time, you know the
frustration... This relay will switch 150A at 120V 150x per minute so it's
not going to flinch with what I do to it.  Read the specs:
http://www.omron.com/ecb/products/pdf/en_g9ea_ec.pdf

5. Alternator: If you want a heavy duty one, Load Boss in Dallas builds a
great alternator and has great service.  I got a 275A alternator for my
chevy that is a drop-in replacement and it was about $500.  The guy that
owns the place knows a lot about high-capacity DC systems and can do
anything you need also -- want to have two alternators with 12 and 24V or
two 12V alternators?  They have all the stuff.  Alterstart Systems in Dallas
both manufactures the Load Boss line and sells/services retail: (214)
330-5900 or www.4alterstart.com

6. Batteries are good and bad.  They can help, but often they are more of a
pain.  If you let them run down and then try to operate, they will drag your
whole voltage buss down.  With very low internal resistance, if they are
low, they can draw HUNDREDS of amps along your main batter feed (I regularly
blow a 150A breaker if I have low batteries).  The biggest problem I have
had is leaving any equipment on the back batteries when the car not running.
They get low and then everything has to play catchup when the car is
started.  I think if you are going to use batteries to supplement things,
you have to do one of two things: 1) never run anything off the batteries
with the car off or you will have catch-up syndrome.  2) If you run things
off of the battery when the car is off, you will need more complex battery
management hardware.  I am currently thinking of using multiple relays to
control the three connection points between the alternator, the batteries
and the equipment.  If you run the batteries down, I think it would be best
to have a current-limiting charger recharge the batteries while the radio
equipment is now back on just the alternator.  This sounds rather extreme,
but believe me nothing draws current from your electrical system like a
run-down battery connected to your buss and if you can't disconnect it, it
makes operating much less fun!

73,
Steve, N5AC



-----Original Message-----
From: vhfcontesting-bounces@contesting.com
[mailto:vhfcontesting-bounces@contesting.com] On Behalf Of Matt Patterson
Sent: Wednesday, August 29, 2007 06:42
To: vhfcontesting@contesting.com
Subject: [VHFcontesting] DC Power Distribution

Hi All,

I'm putting the final touches on my rover for September and I was wondering
if I could get some ideas on what other rovers use for DC power
distribution.  I'm especially interested in what you use to distribute power
to your high power amplifiers.


73 Matt
W5LL
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