As a long time user of 2 radios, I find this discussion most
interesting. As N2IC pointed out, there are really two modes
for S/M. And believe it or not, Steve, I AGREE with you that one method is
more acceptable than the other.
As long as I can recall, the major ARRL (SS included) contest rules have
clearly limited a single-op to "one transmitted signal at a time". CQ WPX and
WW did NOT have this rule until about 1990, when a well known contester fed
one keyer output to two radios in WPX and CQ'ed all day on two bands
SIMULTANEOUSLY. The Sprint rules were recently changed to outlaw the same.
There has always been the term "octopus" to describe a system of calling CQ
on two bands, pseudo-simultaneously, by alternating two C's and two Q's, etc.
For you tech weenies, newer digital cellular phones do essentially the same
thing. Stations using this technique always sounded "choppy". I'm sure new
technology could improve the efficiency.
I've used 2 rigs both ways, calling 2 CQ's (when it was allowed) and 1 clg CQ
while 1 S&P (search and pounce). I agree operating two rigs improves operator
ability, at least when it's the latter situation. Calling simultaneous CQ's
might be more FUN, but it's not all that challenging (and I agree it takes
bandwidth).
I use THE MOST complex processor known to man to manage two radios. You all
have access to one too (hint: it's not made of silicon). The software is
proprietary, though. You have to develop your own, which takes time and
determination. KUDOS to AB6FO for his note: I agree 100%. People aren't born
to the top ten, they set a goal and work toward it. Just like anything else
in life.
I DO have a problem with rules outlawing S/M, or putting them in to another
category or making it for multipliers only. S/M can be a tool for those in
"propagationally challenged" areas to close the gap, if they wish. If the
guys in the good propagation areas decide to make the effort to go S/M to
retain their edge, more power to them. I AM against a rule that would outlaw
the "octopus" scenario, or time sharing, however, as it may enhance [silicon]
computer hardware/software evolution, but it doesn't, in my opinion, enhance
human operator ability. In fact, it may degrade it, just as the advent of the
DX Packetcluster has led to a new breed of operator who isn't skilled in the
art of S&P.
73
Jeff Steinman KR0Y
jsteinman@aol.com
>From charlie.morrison@chowda.sbs.com (Charlie Morrison) Fri Apr 1 02:50:36
>1994
From: charlie.morrison@chowda.sbs.com (Charlie Morrison) (Charlie Morrison)
Subject: arph K1DG(WZ1R opr.)
Message-ID: <9404010101075958@chowda.sbs.com>
ARRL INTERNATIONAL DX CONTEST 1994
Call: K1DG (WZ1R opr.) Country: United States
Mode: SSB Category: Single Unlimited
BAND QSO QSO PTS PTS/Q COUNTRIES
160 29 87 3.0 24
80 116 348 3.0 57
40 169 507 3.0 78
20 1102 3303 3.0 122
15 586 1758 3.0 118
10 89 267 3.0 48
--------------------------------------
Totals 2091 6270 3.0 447 = 2,802,690
All reports sent were 59(9), unless otherwise noted.
WZ1R's first try at 48 hr S/O DX contest.
Equipment Description: TS-940/Alpha 76 + TS-930/SB-220
'Two-Radio' Control
Antennae:
160 - 1/4 wave wire Inverted L w/50 Radials
Dipole @ 100'
80 - 1/4 Slopers @ 90' NE/S/NW
2 Ele wire Yagi NE/SW
40 - 402-cd @ 110'
20 - 2 x 204-cd @ 100'/50'
15 - 2 x 154-cd @ 90'/45'
10 - 4 x 104-cd @ 100'/80'/60'/40'
5 Ele K8CC design @ 40'
BREAKDOWN QSO/mults K1DG (WZ1R opr.) AR94PH Single Unlimited
HR 160 80 40 20 15 10 HRTOT CUMTOT
0 ... ... ... 30/25 24/16 ... 54/41 54/41
1 . . 35/22 4/4 6/2 . 45/28 99/69
2 . 15/13 6/4 10/4 . . 31/21 130/90
3 2/2 14/12 15/7 6/3 . . 37/24 167/114
4 5/4 16/9 11/5 . . . 32/18 199/132
5 4/4 9/6 6/1 4/1 . . 23/12 222/144
6 3/2 2/0 3/3 2/0 . . 10/5 232/149
7 1/1 9/3 10/4 1/0 . . 21/8 253/157
8 ..... 1/0 10/3 ..... ... ... 11/3 264/160
9 2/2 4/3 4/2 . . . 10/7 274/167
10 . 4/3 4/3 21/16 . . 29/22 303/189
11 . . 2/1 13/4 98/37 . 113/42 416/231
12 . . . 4/4 78/10 3/3 85/17 501/248
13 . . . . 80/7 13/10 93/17 594/265
14 . . . . 31/3 8/7 39/10 633/275
15 . . . . 104/3 2/1 106/4 739/279
16 ... ... ... 1/1 71/4 9/6 81/11 820/290
17 . . . 28/8 5/1 7/6 40/15 860/305
18 . . . 94/8 2/2 . 96/10 956/315
19 . . . 93/9 10/10 . 103/19 1059/334
20 . . . 64/1 1/1 4/4 69/6 1128/340
21 . . . 42/2 1/1 . 43/3 1171/343
22 . . . 11/2 12/5 3/1 26/8 1197/351
23 . 1/1 4/3 5/2 6/1 15/2 31/9 1228/360
0 ... ... 3/2 6/1 16/3 ... 25/6 1253/366
1 . . . . . . . 1253/366
4 5/4 2/2 . 3/1 . . 10/7 1263/373
5 2/2 22/2 2/1 . . . 26/5 1289/378
6 3/2 6/0 5/2 2/0 . . 16/4 1305/382
7 2/1 2/1 14/1 . . . 18/3 1323/385
8 ... 5/1 7/2 3/1 ... ... 15/4 1338/389
9 . 1/0 7/2 2/0 . . 10/2 1348/391
10 . 2/0 4/1 10/1 . . 16/2 1364/393
11 . 1/1 2/2 30/2 . . 33/5 1397/398
12 . . . 44/0 6/1 . 50/1 1447/399
13 . . . 50/3 2/0 3/0 55/3 1502/402
14 . . . 29/1 3/2 . 32/3 1534/405
15 . . . 24/0 7/1 1/1 32/2 1566/407
16 ... ... ... 48/3 1/0 2/1 51/4 1617/411
17 . . . 94/2 1/1 1/1 96/4 1713/415
18 . . . 102/1 . . 102/1 1815/416
19 . . . 85/4 1/1 1/1 87/6 1902/422
20 . . . 63/5 . 9/1 72/6 1974/428
21 . . . 56/2 3/2 3/2 62/6 2036/434
22 . . 3/3 13/1 8/2 5/1 29/7 2065/441
23 . . 12/4 5/0 9/2 . 26/6 2091/447
D#1 17/15 75/50 110/58 433/94 529/103 64/40 .... 1228/360
D#2 12/9 41/7 59/20 669/28 57/15 25/8 . 863/87
TOT 29/24 116/57 169/78 1102/122 586/118 89/48 . 2091/447
Story to surely follow !
---Thanks DG !
WIZ
>From charlie.morrison@chowda.sbs.com (Charlie Morrison) Fri Apr 1 03:16:03
>1994
From: charlie.morrison@chowda.sbs.com (Charlie Morrison) (Charlie Morrison)
Subject: WPXPH WZ1R M/M @ KY1H 16M
Message-ID: <9404010101085959@chowda.sbs.com>
CQ WORLD WIDE WPX CONTEST 1994
Call: WZ1R QTH: KY1H - Massachussetts,USA
Mode: SSB Category: Multi Multi
BAND QSOs Q PT PTS/Q PX | HRS RATE | QSOsDX VE NA USA |DXCC
160 312 306 0.98 48 | 29 10.7 | 11 50 6 245 | 18
80 1055 2804 2.65 212 | 48 21.9 | 245 315 18 477 | 65
40 890 2196 2.47 166 | 48 18.5 | 239 162 13 475 | 76
20 1998 4651 2.32 450 | 48 41.6 | 1435 115 50 400 |131
15 1430 3486 2.43 218 | 34 42.0 | 1115 52 31 232 |114
10 414 496 1.19 56 | 29 14.2 | 140 11 25 229 | 54
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Tot 6099 13939 2.28 1150 | 236 26.8 | 3185 705 144 2058 |458
= 16,029,850 127/HR Overall
Operator List: WZ1R :
WZ1R,KY1H,KB1W,NJ1F,WM1K,AA1AA,AA1AS,K1MBO,KA1NCN,N1NQD,WA1ZAM.
Equipment Description:
160 - TS-930/ETO76 VEE@150' - WIRE VERTICAL@140' - Beverages
80 - FT-1000D/H.B. 4-1000a g.g.TIL Sunday@1800z/TL-922 Last 6 Hrs.
VEE@150' - 4Square of Short Verticals - Beverages
40 - TS-930/HF-2500 2 OVER 2 @ 120'/60' 402-CDs
20 - TS-930/ETO 77 4 OVER 4 OVER 4 @ 150'/105'/60'-3L South @ 80'
15 - TS-940/HF-2500 4 OVER 4 OVER 4 @ 90'/60'/30' -3L South @ 45'
10 - TS-850/Centurion 6L ON 38'Boom @ 90'- 4L @ 90' -3L South @ 45'
Club Affiliation: YCCC
Comments: Sent #2000 on 20Mtrs!
Most SSB Contest QSO from KY1H station!
Best Passes of the weekend:
KL7Y AND AH8A FROM 80M TO 160M ,VK6ZX FROM 40M TO 80M!
plus HUNDREDs of friendly Canadians! Thank You!
Surprised to QSO 12 stns in Europe on 10M, as far north as TM1C !
BREAKDOWN QSO/mults WZ1R WPX 94 SSB Multi Multi @ KY1H
HOUR 160 80 40 20 15 10 HR TOT CUM TOT
0 36/14 65/38 37/30 56/46 30/20 8/3 232/151 232/151
1 29/7 73/27 33/18 49/31 11/10 5/0 200/93 432/244
2 21/4 52/15 11/7 49/28 8/2 0/0 141/56 573/300
3 20/2 41/21 23/12 35/21 0/0 . 119/56 692/356
4 10/1 52/37 13/8 15/3 . . 90/49 782/405
5 15/2 24/8 10/0 13/7 . . 62/17 844/422
6 12/3 28/8 12/2 5/4 . . 57/17 901/439
7 8/3 53/16 36/12 0/0 . . 97/31 998/470
8 6/1 31/3 31/6 1/0 ..... ..... 69/10 1067/480
9 5/0 26/4 11/4 1/0 . . 43/8 1110/488
10 2/0 28/2 11/3 54/32 3/2 . 98/39 1208/527
11 0/0 31/3 12/2 68/25 19/8 . 130/38 1338/565
12 . 6/0 11/2 67/21 65/18 4/0 153/41 1491/606
13 . 7/1 15/2 65/13 72/22 15/4 174/42 1665/648
14 . 3/0 24/7 58/9 58/15 15/5 158/36 1823/684
15 . 7/0 19/2 45/15 79/14 20/7 170/38 1993/722
16 ..... 15/0 30/4 57/11 101/9 23/4 226/28 2219/750
17 . 16/0 15/6 38/10 37/5 23/6 129/27 2348/777
18 . 4/0 14/3 44/9 39/8 32/6 133/26 2481/803
19 . 19/0 12/1 131/26 48/9 30/5 240/41 2721/844
20 1/0 19/2 9/1 117/14 25/1 28/3 199/21 2920/865
21 1/0 27/0 31/1 92/11 19/4 12/1 182/17 3102/882
22 0/0 28/1 29/6 82/10 38/15 11/0 188/32 3290/914
23 2/1 11/1 16/3 45/14 24/3 4/1 102/23 3392/937
0 1/0 14/0 23/1 56/12 10/1 1/0 105/14 3497/951
1 7/0 23/1 28/2 44/10 4/1 . 106/14 3603/965
2 20/1 20/0 26/2 36/7 1/0 . 103/10 3706/975
3 23/1 25/2 20/0 31/4 . . 99/7 3805/982
4 3/0 22/1 10/0 35/3 . . 70/4 3875/986
5 21/4 16/1 11/1 19/3 . . 67/9 3942/995
6 14/4 18/1 8/0 4/1 . . 44/6 3986/1001
7 10/0 19/3 6/0 0/0 . . 35/3 4021/1004
8 4/0 11/1 6/0 2/0 ..... ..... 23/1 4044/1005
9 2/0 19/1 10/1 4/1 . . 35/3 4079/1008
10 3/0 14/1 12/0 19/2 2/1 . 50/4 4129/1012
11 0/0 6/0 8/0 58/7 17/1 1/0 90/8 4219/1020
12 . 1/0 4/1 29/4 68/3 1/0 103/8 4322/1028
13 . 6/0 9/1 21/0 87/4 6/1 129/6 4451/1034
14 . 14/2 15/1 18/3 98/9 10/1 155/16 4606/1050
15 . 14/0 25/2 38/0 88/5 12/1 177/8 4783/1058
16 ..... 10/0 20/1 31/5 63/7 16/0 140/13 4923/1071
17 . 16/3 19/1 47/3 86/5 15/3 183/15 5106/1086
18 . 14/0 14/1 76/4 56/2 18/0 178/7 5284/1093
19 . 12/0 23/5 69/7 40/1 28/2 172/15 5456/1108
20 0/0 25/1 43/2 39/2 60/4 21/2 188/11 5644/1119
21 7/0 21/0 35/2 43/2 36/4 22/1 164/9 5808/1128
22 14/0 21/1 27/0 55/4 28/4 12/0 157/9 5965/1137
23 15/0 28/6 23/0 37/6 10/1 21/0 134/13 6099/1150
D#1 168/38 666/187 465/142 1187/360 676/165 230/45 ... 3392/937
D#2 144/10 389/25 425/24 811/90 754/53 184/11 . 2707/213
TOT 312/48 1055/212 890/166 1998/450 1430/218 414/56 . 6109/1150
>From j.p. kleinhaus" <kleinhaj@mary.iia.org Fri Apr 1 17:27:37 1994
From: j.p. kleinhaus" <kleinhaj@mary.iia.org (j.p. kleinhaus)
Subject: OOOOOPPS!!!
Message-ID: <199404011727.AA18105@mary.iia.org>
It seems I made a rather foolish error in my last message RE:
Single/Multi. I referred to the ARRL SS as a contest that allows
CQ'ing on 2 bands at once. Guess what? This si nowhere near the
truth. I was actually thinking about the Sprint when I wrote that
but that rule was recently changed due to this exact problem.
The fact then remains that Single/Multi uses *exactly* the same amoutn
of transmitter bandwidth as Single/Single. The only use for the second
radio is to S&P for new mults or QSO's (which is what most of us have
been doing anyway). In that case...I still say LEAVE IT ALONE!
J.P. AA2DU
>From Tim Coad" <Tim_Coad@smtp.esl.com Fri Apr 1 17:37:13 1994
From: Tim Coad" <Tim_Coad@smtp.esl.com (Tim Coad)
Subject: Future of Single Op?
Message-ID: <n1446929384.43338@smtp.esl.com>
Reply to: RE>Future of Single Op?
Hmmm, If they combine the two single op catagories I think
maybe Ill have to go get a bumper sticker saying:
"REAL CONTESTERS ARE UNASSISTED".
( or how about "Real contesters DO IT by themselves")
or ....
Tim - NU6S
>From Gerard Jendraszkiewicz" <jend@midway.uchicago.edu Sat Apr 2 00:39:22
>1994
From: Gerard Jendraszkiewicz" <jend@midway.uchicago.edu (Gerard Jendraszkiewicz)
Subject: KE9I SSB WPX RESULTS
Message-ID: <67169.jend@midway.uchicago.edu>
Station: KE9I CLASS: Single Operator (One Radio) (High Power)
HOURS: 29.2
Band QSO's Prefixes
80 142 46
40 33 24
20 833 362
15 564 231
10 105 55
Total 1676 718 2,327,038 Points
RIG: YAESU FT-1000D DRAKE L-4B
ANT: 10/15/20 KLM KT-34XA @ 55'
40 DIPOLE, BOBTAIL NE/SW, VERTICAL 55'
80 DIPOLE, VERTICAL 55', BEVERAGES NW/NE, 3 EL LOOP NE (QST ARTICLE)
COMMENTS: I AM SORRY FOR I DID NOT WORK ALL WHO CALLED ON 75M ! LOTS OF
LOCAL STORM QRM !
10M: NO EUROPE, NOT MUCH PACIFIC, NO JA'S !! MOSTLY S. AMERICA, CARRIBEAN
15M: FANTASTIC OPENING TO EU MIDDLE EAST ! REALLY A SURPRISE HAD COUPLE OF
HOURS OVER 200! GOOD FROM THE BLACK HOLE ! GOOD JA OPENING TOO !
20M: GREAT OPENING TO EU AT 18-21Z BOTH DAYS, SATURDAY HAD NO PROBLEM
HOLDING FREQUENCIES, BUT ON SUNDAY WALL TO WALL STNS COULDN'T FIND A SPOT !
40M: SO, SO MISSED THE FIRST NIGHT (FRI) DUE TO BAD COLD ! SECOND NIGHT
NOT MUCH BETTER, LOTS OF STNS CALLING CQ BELOW 7.1 NOT LISTENING UP ! MISSED
A FEW MULTS THERE !
75M: GOOD BAND HAD MANY EU STATIONS CALL, WAS TRULY AMAZED BY THE SIGNALS !
IF YOU CAN STAY AWAY FROM THE NETS, THE GOOD OLE BOYS ETC. GOOD BAND !
OVERALL: MY BEST SCORE TO DATE, MISSED 6 HOURS OF THE CONTEST (PRODUCTIVE,
WHO KNOWS ??) HAD A BLAST, WILL BE BACK NEXT YEAR ! PROPAGATION GODS WERE
GOOD TO US HERE IN THE BLACK HOLE ! CU IN CW WPX IF POSSIBLE !
73 JERRY KE9I (NW INDIANA) JEND@MIDWAY.UCHICAGO.EDU
>From slay@netcom.com (Sandy Lynch) Fri Apr 1 19:20:12 1994
From: slay@netcom.com (Sandy Lynch) (Sandy Lynch)
Subject: Super Gain Antenna (LONG)
Message-ID: <199404011920.LAA05309@netcom9.netcom.com>
I recently received a letter from an old friend, Joe Speroni AH0A/7J1AAA,
who has been living and working in Japan for many years. He is also the
author of the well-known MORSE ACADEMY software for teaching Morse Code.
Anyway, it was such an exciting letter that I thought it would be of
interest to others here on "the Net".
Dear Sandy:
I had promised a series of articles on Japanese amateur radio, but
there is something so exciting I just have to take a break and tell
you about it.
It all started with the work that Ed Coan (AH6MI/7J1AAE) did on
antenna pattern plotting using his personal computer. The circular,
and even backward antenna patterns of some of our local TIARA
club embers brought home the point that what a good station needs is
a good antenna. Ed's antenna looks great and the results verify it.
He works regular schedules into Colorado and Maine, just like sunspots
don't mean anything. My mini-beam just could not compare.
Well, I got to thinking about what we apartment dwellers could do
and realized that space is THE problem. How do you fit a full-sized
beam on a balcony? Loading coils are the answer and the problem
at the same time -- the antenna radiation resistance drops as
reactance is substituted for length. High current loops develop
and the power is dissipated in the antenna instead of being radiated.
If only the antenna didn't dissipate the power. Hmmmmmm....let's
see, P=E*E*R; if R were 0 then......
>From my work, I have some contacts in research groups over at
Tokyo University. Better yet, I knew a Japanese ham who is a
graduate student there. The thought running through my head was
to build a super-conducting antenna. This requires cryogenics,
i.e. temperatures around minus 279 degrees Centigrade. I was able
get the university folks interested in the project and we built a
10 meter dipole test silicon wafer. They put together a lot of serial
coils on the wafer and by "re-work" on the wafer, they were able to
connect them so we had a super-conducting dipole. I took my TS-940
transceiver down to the lab for the first tests, but before we
could test it, actual measurements showed it was resonant on 3126 KHz.
It seems that the normal equations for inductance don't work with
super-conducting materials -- you need a lot few turns to get the
same results than at normal temperatures. Many measurements and
trials later, we had a ten meter resonant wafer. This time we put
a pair of 40 element beams on each wafer and stacked 4 wafers in
the same assembly. That made a 320 element array on 10 meters in
less than a half-foot (15 cm) cube.
The first test didn't go too well. I connected the TS-930 to the
super-conducting wafer antenna and tuned it for 10 meters. At room
temperature, we couldn't hear anything. Using a heat pump, the lab
technicians started lowering the antenna's temperature toward the
super-conducting region. I was really impressed by how small the
equipment is, and started thinking it might all fit in the shack.
Just then, the TS-930 froze solid, which had a negative effect on
its operating characteristics. This wouldn't be so easy after all,
the coax connection would need some study!
We reworked the wafers to put inductive coupling on them, but I could
find no way to efficiently couple to it from the conducting ceramic
material that passed RF but not heat. Probably, something that
Kyocera invented just for this use. I sent the TS-940 to the ham
shop in Akihabara and asked them to touch it up for me. Suzuki-san
(service manager at the ham shop) asked exactly how the paint had
been peeled off around the coax connector -- lightning maybe? No,
I assured him -- just low temperature exposure, without saying how low
the temperatures were. The project had to stay secret and besides,
Suzuki-san can repair anything!
Since it looked like it might be a while before the TS-930 would be
repaired, I brought out my TS-940. I had already placed an order
for the Yaesu FT-1000 anyway. After verifying that in the super-
conducting range the antenna was resonant on 10 meters, we connected
the TS-940. The ceramic material worked and the rig operated well
even as we began the cooling cycle. The band seemed dead even
with the antenna at -150 degrees C. It took another 10 minutes
to get to the super-conducting range -- then the TS-940 blew up.
It seems our antenna had a bit more gain than the TS-940 front-end
could take. Later, with 100 dB of attenuation, measurements showed
5 volts coming out of the coax. A little hard to believe, but then
what do I know about cryogenic LSI antenna technology?!
The TS-940 was also returned to Suzuki-san, but this time he frowned
a bit -- the front-end board did look like it had been hit by
lightning. Not to worry, Suzuki-san can repair anything!
The FT-1000 arrived just in time to be able to continue the experiments.
We built a QSK attenuator to protect the receiver and with the LSI
wafer antenna still inside the lab, decided to try to make a contact
on 10 meters. Boy, what a shock when we got it working. The first thing
we heard was a couple of W2's talking locally on 10 meters and that was
with 80 dB of attenuation. We had the antenna array on a rotatable
mount; I moved it about 1 degree and the W2's disappeared.
What beam width! We tuned them in again, and they were just about to
sign off, so we thought we would try to work them. The rig was tuned
up at 50 watts on a dummy load; we switched in the wafer antenna and
gave N2BA a call. The noise was unbelievable -- an ionized ray shot
out from the antenna and hit the wall of the building. Before we knocked
a hole in the band, we took out a piece of the lab wall! Ever wonder
what an antenna pattern looks like in three dimensions? There was a
small round hole in the wall of the lab -- about 1 cm in circumference.
We cut power quickly. N2BA came back on frequency a few minutes
later and said he was using his back-up rig; something had taken his
main rig off the air. For some reason, the station he was talking to
never came back, and so we decided not to transmit again until we knew
for sure what was going on.
As near as we can tell, the antenna array has 120 dB gain over a dipole,
but with a beamwidth of 0.75 degrees using the 60 dB points. With
50 watts output, the effective radiated power is 55 quadrillion watts
at the center of the beam (5.5 with 13 zeroes). As soon as the
University realized what we had built, the entire project was taken
away from us and turned over to the Japanese Self-Defense Forces.
Amateur radio "tinkering" has contribute to something, but I am not
exactly sure what. I haven't the slightest idea what was in those
wafers or how to explain how to build another set. But what I'd give
to use a smaller set in the next CQ World Wide Contest! Do you think
someone may be interested in this idea for Star Wars/SDI??
A few months later, the University contacted all of us and asked
just how close we had been to the antenna when operating. As best as
I can figure, we were in the null behind the array. From what has been
said so far, it looks like a secondary use for our antenna may be as a
mass sterilizer, but confirmation will have to await the results of
the medical tests. If our antenna ever hits the market, it looks
like remote operation would be desirable.
As I am writing this, I have been informed that Suzuki-san can't fix
everything after all. He's written off the 930 and 940, and I just
found out that before the university terminated the project, they
tried one more time with my FT-1000, but without the 100 dB attenuator
to protect the receiver. It's front-end now matches the 940's and it
looks like it will be awhile before I am on the air again. Maybe
Yaesu will announce some new models soon.
Best 73, Joe Speroni AH0A/7J1AAA, ex-Chief Engineer - TIARA
1 April 1994
This story has been reprinted and edited from the April 1992 issue of
the Tokyo International Amateur Radio Association's newsletter.
Permission is granted to reprint the material provided credit is
given to both TIARA NEWS and the author - Joe Speroni, AH0A/7J1AAA.
Actually, Joe originally wrote the above back in 1985 and it has been
updated by others since. Hope you enjoyed it.
73 de Sandy WA6BXH/7J1ABV slay@netcom.com 1 April 1994
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