Date: Sun, 11 Apr 2010 14:45:24 -0400
From: Roger <sub1@rogerhalstead.com>
Subject: [Amps] A tale of two IMs What happens?
"No one has touched the question on how reducing power without returning
affects IM I now have another one.
Given that most of todays transceivers have an IM or roughly -35db "so
I've been told",
### You can look em ALL up on qst's extended lab reports. Any given
xcvr, will have imd figures, that vary all over the map..depending on
band... with the worse case usually being 12m for some reason. The
QST results only depict the worse case imd. The extended lab results
will show all 9 x bands.. one at a time. In the case of the kenwood 870,
they also did it 3 x times.. just for 20m. IMD was -30db pep [-24db below one
tone]
at 100 w pep.. which improved a whole bunch, when power dropped down to 85W.
Then improved a whole bunch more, when tested at 50 w. -30db pep is what you
get from a drake T4XC with sweep tubes, from 1977 era. And in order to pull
that
off, idle current was 70 ma @ 700 vdc = 49 watts. Max 2x tubes diss is only
52 watts.
So they had to idle em at 99% of their diss ratings.. just to get the lousy imd
resuts they do.
and we put a amp behind it that ALSO has an IM of
-35db, what is the resultant IM?
## I researched this out yrs ago... and the consensus was , at best it would be
the
same... and at the very worse, it could degrade imd by 6db max. In most cases,
it appears to degrade by 1-2 db.
What if the amp has an IM of -55db?
Do they add, subtract, or go with the lowest number?
## they go to the lowest number. A -30 db pep imd xcvr, driving a -57db pep
3CX-3000A7 will result in -30db imd at the very best...and -28db at the
very
worse. That's dealt with ad nauseum in ..." SSB systems and circuits" . The
same
classic book also explains why the 2 x tone imd test is flawed. The IMD3.. and
IMD5
will appear to be lower than what it really is. The IMD7-9-11-13 products
will tend to
cancel out the IMD3 product, leaving bogus results in any 2 x tone tests.
The test
is flawed anyway, since everything is in a steady state condx. Neither the
B+.. nor the
bias vdc, screen vdc, etc, etc, is varying at all. It's not a dynamic test.
Also, by carefully
varying the SPACING of the 2 x tones, you can hit a ..'sweet spot' ... and
get better
imd results. A steady state 2 x tone imd test.. won't factor in ALC
overshoots, overdriving
input audio circuits, overdriving everything else down stream from the mic
jack etc.
## If you use the ALC cable from the xcvr to the amp.. and the xcvr's ALC
has a different time
constant than the linear's ALC, you just lost it right there.
IOW it is the amps
job to "faithfully" reproduce the input signal, but that really only
happens when running class A, if the user is lucky.
## Correct. So if you really want -42 db pep imd from the linear... the xcvr
had better be -42db pep imd as well. Most of the yaesu class A xcvr's will
far exceed -42db pep.. by a whole bunch.... so then you end up with the
amplifier being the limiting factor. What they need to do with these Class A
xcvr's is to incorporate either EBS in em [ with some type of TRI-state bias]
so they don't burn up... OR use some kind of 'sliding bias' scheme... like
Krell does in their Class A stereo amps. My yaesu MK-V sucks 10A @ 30 vdc
when in class A =300w diss ! That's 10A.. whether you apply audio drive or
not!
When driven with a 1 khz sine wave, the mk-v puts out 75w. 300-75= 225 w diss.
So the xcvr runs HOTTER, when keyed, but no audio applied.
## They need adjustable bias too. No point in having -63db pep imd, in Class
A...
when the amp is only good for -38db. They need to have their bias tweaked, so
the
xcvr imd is the same.. or slightly better than the amp..... and incorporate
sliding bias,
or tri/quad state EBS bias schemes.
Intuitively, "I would think" that the two figures would add, but if that
were the case the amp with -35db and the exciter with -35db would have a
pretty ratty signal. OTOH in the case of the -55db amp behind the -35 db
exciter does the amp "clean up" the exciter signal? Doesn't seem likely.
## see above. The amp cleans up nothing. In SSB systems and circuits,
they hate GG triodes driven by a high imd xcvr. ['ham stuff'] The writer's of
the book
[collins engineers] prefer grid driven tetrodes. Then the drive power
requirements
are so low, that it's easy to run the driver in Class A.
## a buddy across town built a hb 4CX-1500B 3 yrs ago.. grid driven. He can
get an
easy 1500w out of it.. with just 10 watts of drive... and a 50 ohm globar
resistor across
the input of the amp. If a 200 ohm resistor was used.. and a 1:4 un-un... the
drive power
would be even lower still. As is... 10 watts is obtainable from Class A.. from
yaesu
xcvr's.
It'd be interesting to see the IM figures for today's exciters, (and
amplifiers) rather than than adds that just say "Provides amazingly low IM".
## Both the amps and all the xcvr's that have been tested in the arrl,
have been written up in both the qst.. and esp the extended lab reports.
## I know several ESSB ops who drive 8877 Ameritron amps with Class A,
that's as clean as it gets. My self, I use noise gates, levelor's,
compressor's
and split band peak limiter's, /distortion cancelled clippers, in the audio
chain..
then drive the analog BM in the mk-v, in my ESSB set up. I had to add an
extra
RCA jack + coupling cap, to drive the BM directly. The analog TX noise floor
on the
MK-V is 20 db QUIETER, than when using the DSP 100-3100 hz TX mode. You can
see that right away, when toggling between analog + DSP mode, via menu.... while
listening on a 2nd RX..3' away. [keyed, but No audio drive applied] Driving
the
analog BM directly via new jack means the noisy stock yaesu audio pre-amp is
completely bypassed.. a huge diff. The outboard class A audio pre-amp eats the
stock inboard yaesu pre-amp, hands down.
## Then it's easy to obtain 1.5 kw from an amp... and have NO ALC showing on
the
xcvr at all! Then the alc overshoot problem is solved once and for all.
Method #2
uses a fixed vdc fed to the xcvr's ALC jack. This also works on older
radio's of the
tube xcvr era. A few volts of -vdc is fed to alc jack on xcvr.. and vdc
tweaked
for say.. 85 watts pep. Scream all you want, and the xcvr will never put out
more
than 85w pep. No alc overshoot. The alc voltage doesn't have to be derived..
after
the fact.. since you have injected it into the xcvr's alc buss.. and on a
continuous
basis. The trick here is... if you whisper into the mic... your power will
drop off..
since you no longer have RF compression [normal alc] . You get around this
problem easily... by either using a boom mic, that's always 1" or less from
your
mouth.. and/or... use outboard noise gate /compressor/peak limiter in the
audio.
## after all this song and dance.. it's fun to be able to dial up 1386
watts.. and never
see the AS wattmeter go higher than 1386 watts.... and never see any alc
action on the
alc meter either.
## yaesu isn't there yet with the Class A concept. They need to incorporate
the various bias scheme I suggested earlier..AND bigger/more effective heat
sinks.
Copper heat sinks conducts heat almost twice as good as Aluminum. If you look
at any Eimac big metal tube, the fins INSIDE are razor blade thick.. and lots
of em.
They are all silver plated copper. Not to be confused with the 'struts', that
also
resemble fins. The 'struts' at the top and bottom of the tube are there to
hold the
anode cooler cylinder assy in place. Shine a light down from the top... with
a white
sheet of paper below the tube. All the heat has to be ultimately transferred
to the air
and lots of thin fins works better than fewer thick fins. Try sticking steel,
AL, then CU
into a grinder, and you will soon see [and feel] the super fast heat transfer
of CU.
later........ Jim VE7RF
I also see I need a refresher on working with logs.<:-))
73
Roger (K8RI)
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