Amps
[Top] [All Lists]

[AMPS] Where to read Reflected Power

To: <amps@contesting.com>
Subject: [AMPS] Where to read Reflected Power
From: jono@enteract.com (Jon Ogden)
Date: Mon, 27 Sep 1999 23:23:49 -0500
Jim,

Lots of possible issues on this one.

At 10m, many of the HF type characteristics begin to break down and you 
are nearly into the VHF region anyhow.  Line lengths, etc can become more 
important.

Hams have a real misconception about SWR.  It stands for Voltage Standing 
Wave Ratio.  You probably new that, but what does it mean?  Well, 
basically, the forward and reflected voltages set up a "standing wave" 
that if you could look at it would look like it is standing still.

To best illustrate this, take a piece of string, tie it to a chair or 
some other object. Give yourself about 5 to 10 feet of string.  Stretch 
it somewhat taught and give it a good single flip of the rist.  You'll 
see a wave pulse propagate down the string, hit the terminator (chair, 
fence post, whatever) and then come back to you.  Now keep moving your 
end of the string up and down at a steady pace.  Notice what happens.  
You are forming a standing wave that actually looks stationary.  You will 
notice peaks and nulls on that wave.  Depeding on the frequency of your 
pulses, the number of peaks and nulls will be different.  Also, with a 
longer or shorter piece of string relative to your frequency, things will 
change also.

Now take and apply this to RF.  Your VSWR is actually not constant along 
the coax but will have peaks and nulls all along the coax.

Also take this into account:  Your Bird coupler is going to have some 
VSWR to it (nothing is perfectly 1:1), depending on the match that your 
antenna tuner gives, the input to it may not be quite 50 Ohms either but 
may have a significant reactive component.  This would cause your meter 
on the amp to possibly display something other than a perfect match.

Lastly, many hams think that if they tune their tuner, that their antenna 
is now a 50 Ohm antenna.  WRONG!  The only thing a tuner does is to 
essentially act as a buffer between your exciter and your load.  It will 
not improve a bad antenna.  If the antenna has a 15:1 VSWR without the 
tuner, it still has it with the tuner.  You just don't see it.

Given all this, if you reflect 50 watts while running 2KW out of the amp, 
that's not much.  That's a mere 2.5% of your power.  2.5% reflected power 
is about a 16 dB return loss or an SWR of about 1.38:1.  Not really much 
to worry about.  Your tuner probably has worse than a 16 dB input match 
when tuned.  In industry anything better than 15 dB return loss is 
generally considered a 50 Ohm load!

Also, double check your MFJ-259B manual to make sure it accurately reads 
highly reactive loads such as your antenna.  The original 259 was not 
acurate with highly reactive loads.  Hopefully they fixed that.

Be careful though as Dan said about damaging your 259 through that 
switch.  If the switch has 30 dB of isolation (generally that's a pretty 
decent number) with 2000 Watts into it  you could have problems.  2000 
Watts is 63 dBm.  Take away the 30 dB of isolation and the power hitting 
the MFJ-259B is 33 dBm.  That's 2 watts!  If your switch only has 20 dB 
of isolation, you would be dumping 20 Watts of power into your toy!  BE 
CAREFUL!

Anyhow, I wouldn't worry about your variances in SWR readings.  It's 
really just to give you an idea of what kind of power is coming back at 
your rig.  Personally, I'd match it so that the PA sees the best possible 
match.  This means that your tuner and whatever you have on the output of 
your PA are optimally matched.  Who cares what the SWR meter in the tuner 
sees.  The output of the tuner is going to have a high VSWR anyhow!  
Matching this way will cause you to put the maximum available power into 
the tuner instead of reflecting 2.5% of it back to the amp.

SWR is a fun topic, ain't it?

73,

Jon
KE9NA


-------------------------------------
Jon Ogden
KE9NA

http://www.qsl.net/ke9na    <--- CHECK IT OUT!  It's been updated!!!!!


"A life lived in fear is a life half lived."


--
FAQ on WWW:               http://www.contesting.com/ampsfaq.html
Submissions:              amps@contesting.com
Administrative requests:  amps-REQUEST@contesting.com
Problems:                 owner-amps@contesting.com
Search:                   http://www.contesting.com/km9p/search.htm


<Prev in Thread] Current Thread [Next in Thread>