-----Original Message-----
From: Amps Digest <owner-amps-digest@contesting.com>
To: amps-digest@contesting.com <amps-digest@contesting.com>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
Date: Wednesday, September 15, 1999 9:56 PM
Subject: Amps Digest V2 #348
>
>Amps Digest Wednesday, September 15 1999 Volume 02 : Number 348
>
>
>
>In this issue:
>
> [AMPS] RE: parasitics in FL-2100B
> [AMPS] New Triode Board from G3SEK
> Re: [AMPS] New Triode Board from G3SEK
> Re: [AMPS] RE: parasitics in FL-2100B
> Re: [AMPS] New Triode Board from G3SEK
> [AMPS] Dentron MLA2500 Question/s
> [AMPS] Alminum Capacitor
> Re: [AMPS] Alminum Capacitor
> Re: [AMPS] Alminum Capacitor
> Re: [AMPS] New Triode Board from G3SEK
> Re: [AMPS] New Triode Board from G3SEK
> Re: [AMPS] New Triode Board from G3SEK
> Re: [AMPS] Dentron MLA2500 Question/s
> Re: [Re: [AMPS] Dentron MLA2500 Question/s]
> [AMPS] New URL for Fair Radio Sales
>
>See the end of the digest for information about amps-digest
>
>----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 07:37:27 +0200
>From: "Osten B Magnusson" <sm5dqc@algonet.se>
>Subject: [AMPS] RE: parasitics in FL-2100B
>
>Read your mail with interest. I have also got rid of a lot of
>problems in an old Yaseu FL-2000B linear, 572B's, with
>the help from Rich, AG6K. I am glad that Rich has such
>good knowledge and is so kind and willing to help us who
>are operators and not engineers. Thanks Rich for beeing
>there for us.
>
>73 de Osten / SM5DQC E-mail: sm5dqc@algonet.se
>
>- ----- Original Message -----
>From: Hans Otto Pyndt <oz5dx@adr.dk>
>To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Sent: Tuesday, September 14, 1999 10:16 AM
>Subject: [AMPS] parasitics in FL-2100B
>
>
>> Hello
>> I think and hope that my problem with parasitics in FL-2100B is now
solved
>> with the help from this AMPS-reflector.
>> From Rich Measures, AG6K I got some useful advice and a suppressor kit
for
>> 2pcs 572B´s.
>
>>
>> I am gratefull to Rich, AG6K for his advice and help. I think Rich has
made
>> a great contribution towards our better understanding of VHF-parasitics.
>>
>> 73
>> Hans, OZ5DX
>>
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 11:38:03 +0100
>From: "Ian White, G3SEK" <G3SEK@ifwtech.demon.co.uk>
>Subject: [AMPS] New Triode Board from G3SEK
>
>[This is a one-time announcement.]
>
>
>The Triode Board is a new solution to the control and protection of
>triode power amplifiers. It follows the same successful formula as
>G3SEK's Tetrode Boards: all the necessary control, protection and
>metering circuits on a ready-made PC board, along with a comprehensive
>User Manual and on-line support.
>
>The Triode Board is configurable to use with almost any amateur-size
>grounded-grid amplifier, and has been tested on a wide range of triodes.
>More details on the web site!
>
>The kit includes a double-sided PC board with printed component
>locations, all the components for the PC board and the 38-page User
>Manual. Experienced constructors can buy the bare board and the User
>Manual, which includes a complete parts list.
>
>For details of the Triode Board and Tetrode Boards, visit
>http://www.ifwtech.demon.co.uk/g3sek
>
>Triode Boards are available NOW from G3SEK.
>
>In the USA, Triode Boards and kits will be available in mid-October
>from Down East Microwave, Inc at (908) 996-3584.
>
>73 from Ian G3SEK Editor, 'The VHF/UHF DX Book'
> 'In Practice' columnist for RadCom (RSGB)
> http://www.ifwtech.demon.co.uk/g3sek
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 06:14:00 -0700
>From: measures <measures@vcnet.com>
>Subject: Re: [AMPS] New Triode Board from G3SEK
>
>>
>>[This is a one-time announcement.]
>>
>>
>>The Triode Board is a new solution to the control and protection of
>>triode power amplifiers. It follows the same successful formula as
>>G3SEK's Tetrode Boards: all the necessary control, protection and
>>metering circuits on a ready-made PC board, along with a comprehensive
>>User Manual and on-line support.
>>
>>The Triode Board is configurable to use with almost any amateur-size
>>grounded-grid amplifier, and has been tested on a wide range of triodes.
>>More details on the web site!
>>
>>The kit includes a double-sided PC board with printed component
>>locations, all the components for the PC board and the 38-page User
>>Manual. Experienced constructors can buy the bare board and the User
>>Manual, which includes a complete parts list.
>>
>>For details of the Triode Board and Tetrode Boards, visit
>>http://www.ifwtech.demon.co.uk/g3sek
>
>? In order to protect an 8877 grid from gold sputtering during an
>intermittent UHF oscillation condition, the grid trip circuit should
>probably be capable of interrupting 40 amperes. Can the Triode Board do
>this, Ian?
>>
>>Triode Boards are available NOW from G3SEK.
>>
>>In the USA, Triode Boards and kits will be available in mid-October
>>from Down East Microwave, Inc at (908) 996-3584.
>>
>>73 from Ian G3SEK Editor, 'The VHF/UHF DX Book'
>> 'In Practice' columnist for RadCom (RSGB)
>> http://www.ifwtech.demon.co.uk/g3sek
>>
>>--
>>FAQ on WWW: http://www.contesting.com/ampsfaq.html
>>Submissions: amps@contesting.com
>>Administrative requests: amps-REQUEST@contesting.com
>>Problems: owner-amps@contesting.com
>>Search: http://www.contesting.com/km9p/search.htm
>>
>
>
>- - Rich..., 805.386.3734, www.vcnet.com/measures.
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 06:14:02 -0700
>From: measures <measures@vcnet.com>
>Subject: Re: [AMPS] RE: parasitics in FL-2100B
>
>>
>>
>>Read your mail with interest. I have also got rid of a lot of
>>problems in an old Yaseu FL-2000B linear, 572B's, with
>>the help from Rich, AG6K. I am glad that Rich has such
>>good knowledge and is so kind and willing to help us who
>>are operators and not engineers. Thanks Rich for beeing
>>there for us.
>>
>you are welcome, Osten. Thanks.
>
>>----- Original Message -----
>>From: Hans Otto Pyndt <oz5dx@adr.dk>
>>To: <amps@contesting.com>
>>Sent: Tuesday, September 14, 1999 10:16 AM
>>Subject: [AMPS] parasitics in FL-2100B
>>
>>
>>> Hello
>>> I think and hope that my problem with parasitics in FL-2100B is now
solved
>>> with the help from this AMPS-reflector.
>>> From Rich Measures, AG6K I got some useful advice and a suppressor kit
for
>>> 2pcs 572B´s.
>>
>>>
>>> I am gratefull to Rich, AG6K for his advice and help. I think Rich has
made
>>> a great contribution towards our better understanding of VHF-parasitics.
>>>
>>> 73
>>> Hans, OZ5DX
>>>
>>
>>
>>
>>--
>>FAQ on WWW: http://www.contesting.com/ampsfaq.html
>>Submissions: amps@contesting.com
>>Administrative requests: amps-REQUEST@contesting.com
>>Problems: owner-amps@contesting.com
>>Search: http://www.contesting.com/km9p/search.htm
>>
>
>
>- - Rich..., 805.386.3734, www.vcnet.com/measures.
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 06:38:12 -0700 (PDT)
>From: igor rosky <irosky@yahoo.com>
>Subject: Re: [AMPS] New Triode Board from G3SEK
>
>What a pity this board cannot handle a YC156 or a 3cx3000a7. The
>spiralling costs of new tubes make pulls in these tubes attractive.
>Dollar per watt these tubes are a bargain, considering the new costs of
>a 8877 or 3cx1200z7.
>
>Igor
>- --- "Ian White, G3SEK" <G3SEK@ifwtech.demon.co.uk> wrote:
>>
>> [This is a one-time announcement.]
>>
>>
>> The Triode Board is a new solution to the control
>> and protection of
>> triode power amplifiers. It follows the same
>> successful formula as
>> G3SEK's Tetrode Boards: all the necessary control,
>> protection and
>> metering circuits on a ready-made PC board, along
>> with a comprehensive
>> User Manual and on-line support.
>>
>> The Triode Board is configurable to use with almost
>> any amateur-size
>> grounded-grid amplifier, and has been tested on a
>> wide range of triodes.
>> More details on the web site!
>>
>> The kit includes a double-sided PC board with
>> printed component
>> locations, all the components for the PC board and
>> the 38-page User
>> Manual. Experienced constructors can buy the bare
>> board and the User
>> Manual, which includes a complete parts list.
>>
>> For details of the Triode Board and Tetrode Boards,
>> visit
>> http://www.ifwtech.demon.co.uk/g3sek
>>
>> Triode Boards are available NOW from G3SEK.
>>
>> In the USA, Triode Boards and kits will be available
>> in mid-October
>> from Down East Microwave, Inc at (908) 996-3584.
>>
>> 73 from Ian G3SEK Editor, 'The VHF/UHF DX
>> Book'
>> 'In Practice' columnist
>> for RadCom (RSGB)
>>
>> http://www.ifwtech.demon.co.uk/g3sek
>>
>> --
>> FAQ on WWW:
>> http://www.contesting.com/ampsfaq.html
>> Submissions: amps@contesting.com
>> Administrative requests:
>> amps-REQUEST@contesting.com
>> Problems: owner-amps@contesting.com
>> Search:
>> http://www.contesting.com/km9p/search.htm
>>
>>
>
>__________________________________________________
>Do You Yahoo!?
>Bid and sell for free at http://auctions.yahoo.com
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 09:50:32 -0400
>From: dsnowden@ncdc.noaa.gov
>Subject: [AMPS] Dentron MLA2500 Question/s
>
>I am thinking about buying a MLA2500 without tubes.
>
>1. What is the difference between an MLA2500 and MLA2500B ?
>
>2. I know the tubes (8875 ?) are expensive now days and do remember
>that some sort of conversion to different tubes has been published
>somewhere.
>Is it worth the time and cost of conversion? I am guessing the tubes used
>for the conversion are not going to be cheap.
>
>Any references to conversion articles?
>Any of the famous Measures fixes apply to this amp?
>
>I'd kind of like to put one on my desk because I am sort of limited on
>space.
>
>Thanks, Doug N4IJ
>
>
>
> National Climatic Data Center
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Thu, 16 Sep 1999 00:03:28 +0900
>From: ohashi <ohashi@ny.airnet.ne.jp>
>Subject: [AMPS] Alminum Capacitor
>
>Greetings from Japan !
>
>I got 8 pcs of Aluminum Capacitors (Not used JUNK) at
>Japanese HAM FAIR last month.
>
>The printing on the capacitor is as follows;
>
>560uF 450V, 105 degree C, MKH
>Nippon Chemicon
>
>Surprisingly the size is very small (35mm dia and
>50mm height).
>I guess this is designed for Bulk Capacitor
>in Switching Mode Power Supply.
>
>I replaced Henry 2KD-5's (180uF 450V) to these ones.
>I worried inrush current damages silicon diodes
>due to big value of 560uF. But no problems found so far.
>
>Any comments ?
>
>
>'73 de JA2DHC/1 Kazuo Ohashi
> QTH: Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
> PBBS: JA2DHC@JL1ZND.11.JNET1.JPN.AS
> WebPage: http://www.ny.airnet.ne.jp/ohashi/
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 09:20:18 -0700
>From: measures <measures@vcnet.com>
>Subject: Re: [AMPS] Alminum Capacitor
>
>>
>>Greetings from Japan !
>>
>>I got 8 pcs of Aluminum Capacitors (Not used JUNK) at
>>Japanese HAM FAIR last month.
>>
>>The printing on the capacitor is as follows;
>>
>>560uF 450V, 105 degree C, MKH
>>Nippon Chemicon
>>
>>Surprisingly the size is very small (35mm dia and
>>50mm height).
>>I guess this is designed for Bulk Capacitor
>>in Switching Mode Power Supply.
>>
>My guess is that they are intended for 50/60 Hz service. Switccher
>supply caps would need much less C and very low ESR.
>
>- - Rich..., 805.386.3734, www.vcnet.com/measures.
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 18:59:12 +0200
>From: "John Fielding" <johnf@futurenet.co.za>
>Subject: Re: [AMPS] Alminum Capacitor
>
>No sir - off line switchers need large input smoothing caps for 2 reasons.
>
>1. To hold up the supply for several dropped mains cycles.
>2. To reduce the ripple on the raw DC to prevent sub-harmonic operation.
>
>These types of caps have low esr and can handle oodles of ripple current at
50kHz and
>upwards. Don't forget that although the mains supply produces a
100Hz/120Hz ripple
>component, the switching device draws very large peaks of current at the
switching
>frequency.
>
>John ZS5JF
>
>
>- ----------
>> From: measures <measures@vcnet.com>
>> To: ohashi <ohashi@ny.airnet.ne.jp>; AMPS <amps@contesting.com>
>> Subject: Re: [AMPS] Alminum Capacitor
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>> Date: 15 September 1999 06:20
>>
>>
>> >
>> >Greetings from Japan !
>> >
>> >I got 8 pcs of Aluminum Capacitors (Not used JUNK) at
>> >Japanese HAM FAIR last month.
>> >
>> >The printing on the capacitor is as follows;
>> >
>> >560uF 450V, 105 degree C, MKH
>> >Nippon Chemicon
>> >
>> >Surprisingly the size is very small (35mm dia and
>> >50mm height).
>> >I guess this is designed for Bulk Capacitor
>> >in Switching Mode Power Supply.
>> >
>> My guess is that they are intended for 50/60 Hz service. Switccher
>> supply caps would need much less C and very low ESR.
>>
>> - Rich..., 805.386.3734, www.vcnet.com/measures.
>>
>>
>> --
>> FAQ on WWW: http://www.contesting.com/ampsfaq.html
>> Submissions: amps@contesting.com
>> Administrative requests: amps-REQUEST@contesting.com
>> Problems: owner-amps@contesting.com
>> Search: http://www.contesting.com/km9p/search.htm
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 21:46:32 +0100
>From: "Ian White, G3SEK" <G3SEK@ifwtech.demon.co.uk>
>Subject: Re: [AMPS] New Triode Board from G3SEK
>
>Rich Measures wrote:
>>? In order to protect an 8877 grid from gold sputtering during an
>>intermittent UHF oscillation condition, the grid trip circuit should
>>probably be capable of interrupting 40 amperes. Can the Triode Board do
>>this, Ian?
>
>I don't want to get into the debate about what causes this gold
>sputtering - for the purposes of power supply design, it's enough to
>know that large current surges can and do occur.
>
>We also agree that a "glitch" resistor in the HV+ supply is a MUST, to
>limit the maximum possible surge current to 40A as recommended by Eimac.
>
>So here's our starting-point: there's a big current surge coming along,
>maybe peaking up to 40A - and what is the control circuit going to do
>about it?
>
>It isn't the grid trip circuit's job to interrupt that 40A current surge
>(or even to detect it). The surge comes from the HV supply, and that's
>where it has to be detected and interrupted.
>
>The Triode Board continuously monitors the current in the HV-minus
>return line, and it provides a control output that switches within <1ms
>of going over the pre-set current limit. The limit is typically set to
>2A for an 8877, but you can adjust it lower or higher.
>
>You can use that output to control the HV supply, and as a minimum I
>recommend that you switch the mains supply to the transformer. In
>conjunction with a HV fuse, this provides a high degree of protection.
>A thyristor crowbar circuit will provide even more protection if you
>want it.
>
>So what is the grid trip for? To detect excess current due to RF drive.
>This "normal" grid current flows in the OPPOSITE DIRECTION to an HV
>surge, and the Triode Board has a different circuit to monitor and
>detect it.
>
>
>73 from Ian G3SEK Editor, 'The VHF/UHF DX Book'
> 'In Practice' columnist for RadCom (RSGB)
> http://www.ifwtech.demon.co.uk/g3sek
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 21:40:13 +0100
>From: "Ian White, G3SEK" <G3SEK@ifwtech.demon.co.uk>
>Subject: Re: [AMPS] New Triode Board from G3SEK
>
>igor rosky wrote:
>>
>>
>>What a pity this board cannot handle a YC156 or a 3cx3000a7. The
>>spiralling costs of new tubes make pulls in these tubes attractive.
>>Dollar per watt these tubes are a bargain, considering the new costs of
>>a 8877 or 3cx1200z7.
>>
>
>It probably CAN "handle tubes with handles" - but they haven't been
>tested yet. The tubes named on the web page are those with which the
>board has actually been tested, so far. I'd be happy to add others, as
>soon as positive reports come through.
>
>The bias circuit is good to at least 2.5A (probably more, and certainly
>much more by beefing-up the external pass transistor). Likewise the
>anode and grid current sensing is easily reconfigured to higher ranges.
>
>73 from Ian G3SEK Editor, 'The VHF/UHF DX Book'
> 'In Practice' columnist for RadCom (RSGB)
> http://www.ifwtech.demon.co.uk/g3sek
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 02:45:24 -0700
>From: measures <measures@vcnet.com>
>Subject: Re: [AMPS] New Triode Board from G3SEK
>
>>
>>Rich Measures wrote:
>>>? In order to protect an 8877 grid from gold sputtering during an
>>>intermittent UHF oscillation condition, the grid trip circuit should
>>>probably be capable of interrupting 40 amperes. Can the Triode Board do
>>>this, Ian?
>>
>>I don't want to get into the debate about what causes this gold
>>sputtering - for the purposes of power supply design, it's enough to
>>know that large current surges can and do occur.
>>
>>We also agree that a "glitch" resistor in the HV+ supply is a MUST, to
>>limit the maximum possible surge current to 40A as recommended by Eimac.
>>
>>So here's our starting-point: there's a big current surge coming along,
>>maybe peaking up to 40A - and what is the control circuit going to do
>>about it?
>>
>>It isn't the grid trip circuit's job to interrupt that 40A current surge
>>(or even to detect it). The surge comes from the HV supply, and that's
>>where it has to be detected and interrupted.
>>
>^This would require a 100w / 100-ohm glitch resistor.
>
>>The Triode Board continuously monitors the current in the HV-minus
>>return line, and it provides a control output that switches within <1ms
>>of going over the pre-set current limit. The limit is typically set to
>>2A for an 8877, but you can adjust it lower or higher.
>>
>>You can use that output to control the HV supply, and as a minimum I
>>recommend that you switch the mains supply to the transformer.
>
>The engine of gold sputtering is the stored charge on the filter
>capacitor.
>
>
>> Inconjunction with a HV fuse, this provides a high degree of protection.
>>A thyristor crowbar circuit will provide even more protection if you
>>want it.
>
>A thyristor with a withstanding potential of 4kV?
>>
>>So what is the grid trip for? To detect excess current due to RF drive.
>>This "normal" grid current flows in the OPPOSITE DIRECTION to an HV
>>surge,
>
>The only source of grid current is emitted electrons from the cathode -
>barring a leaky ceramic/metal seal.
>
>- - cheers, Ian
>
>>FAQ on WWW: http://www.contesting.com/ampsfaq.html
>>Submissions: amps@contesting.com
>>Administrative requests: amps-REQUEST@contesting.com
>>Problems: owner-amps@contesting.com
>>Search: http://www.contesting.com/km9p/search.htm
>>
>
>
>- - Rich..., 805.386.3734, www.vcnet.com/measures.
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 15:30:12 -0700
>From: zeitler@ibm.net
>Subject: Re: [AMPS] Dentron MLA2500 Question/s
>
>Doug,
>If memory serves me correctly the original 2500 ran around 2200 vdc on the
>plate and the 2500B around 1850vdc. Not sure what they changed or why since
>it was the same tube config. the whole time. Maybe a different plate xmfr
>manufacturer came around.
>
>There was a very well written article in Comm. Quarterly around a year or
>two ago. Also a nice article in QST around same time. Both dealt with the
>conversion of the amp.
>
>One guy used a pair of 3CX400s and the other a pair of 4CX400s.
>
>>From what I have seen the pair of tetrodes cost abt the same as one of the
>triodes.
>
>If you want a very rugged little desk top and the same exact size (even
same
>cabinet) go with the Dentron Cliperton-L. Not enough L for 160 and the
>doorknobs they use as padders are marginal but with the right mods it would
>probably be better in the long run. Four of those 572Bs will draw around 1
>amp at abt 2100vdc under load. I know from experience as I have had at
least
>10 in the shack over the past ten years. Four of the Svetlana 572Bs can be
>had for around $240. Not bad for an amp that will do around 1400 out with
>the stock power supply.
>
>I usually incorporate most of Rich's mods and his web page is THE source
for
>the right mods.
>
>GL with the hunt!!
>
>BTW you could also talk with Murray Neece k5mDm as he does or did recently
>have an MLA-2500 with a single 3CX800 tube. His e-mail is
radioranch@qth.com
>
>73s
>
>Lane
>Ku7i
>- -----Original Message-----
>From: dsnowden@ncdc.noaa.gov <dsnowden@ncdc.noaa.gov>
>To: amps@contesting.com <amps@contesting.com>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wednesday, September 15, 1999 7:01 AM
>Subject: [AMPS] Dentron MLA2500 Question/s
>
>
>>
>>
>>
>>I am thinking about buying a MLA2500 without tubes.
>>
>>1. What is the difference between an MLA2500 and MLA2500B ?
>>
>>2. I know the tubes (8875 ?) are expensive now days and do remember
>>that some sort of conversion to different tubes has been published
>>somewhere.
>>Is it worth the time and cost of conversion? I am guessing the tubes used
>>for the conversion are not going to be cheap.
>>
>>Any references to conversion articles?
>>Any of the famous Measures fixes apply to this amp?
>>
>>I'd kind of like to put one on my desk because I am sort of limited on
>>space.
>>
>>Thanks, Doug N4IJ
>>
>>
>>
>> National Climatic Data Center
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>--
>>FAQ on WWW: http://www.contesting.com/ampsfaq.html
>>Submissions: amps@contesting.com
>>Administrative requests: amps-REQUEST@contesting.com
>>Problems: owner-amps@contesting.com
>>Search: http://www.contesting.com/km9p/search.htm
>>
>>
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: 15 Sep 99 19:56:38 CDT
>From: Joe Duerbusch <jduerbusch@netscape.net>
>Subject: Re: [Re: [AMPS] Dentron MLA2500 Question/s]
>
>If my memory is correct, the MLA-2500 did not have a tuned input circuit.
>Then Dentron came out with a little tuned input box you put inline with it.
>The came the MLA-2500B with the tuned input inside the amp. At the time
solid
>state rigs were just coming out.
>
>Otherwise, I think they were same.
>
>Joe K0BX
>Who sold them at Ham Radio Center in St. Louis Mo
>
>
>____________________________________________________________________
>Get your own FREE, personal Netscape WebMail account today at
http://webmail.netscape.com.
>
>------------------------------
>
To: <amps@contesting.com>
>Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 23:36:16
>From: "Phil T. (VA3UX)" <phil@vaxxine.com>
>Subject: [AMPS] New URL for Fair Radio Sales
>
> <http://fairradio.com> (no "www")
>
>Website has been updated since the last time I was there.
>
>Phil
>
>------------------------------
>
>End of Amps Digest V2 #348
>**************************
>
>
>--
>FAQ on WWW: http://www.contesting.com/ampfaq.html
>Submissions: amps@contesting.com
>Administrative requests: amps-digest-REQUEST@contesting.com
>Problems: owner-amps-digest@contesting.com
>
--
FAQ on WWW: http://www.contesting.com/ampsfaq.html
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