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Re: [RFI] wall warts and shielding the DC side - theory?

To: Rfi List <rfi@contesting.com>
Subject: Re: [RFI] wall warts and shielding the DC side - theory?
From: Jim Brown <jim@audiosystemsgroup.com>
Reply-to: jim@audiosystemsgroup.com
Date: Thu, 26 Sep 2024 01:39:47 -0700
List-post: <mailto:rfi@contesting.com>
On 9/25/2024 4:32 PM, Greg Troxel wrote:
Thanks, but I was trying to ask about endfed behavior in theory, rather
than how to proceed (which I have read about and realize is empirical as
to exactly where and how much you need).

If there is RF current in a conductor, it will radiate. The greater the current, the more it will radiate. The better the antenna formed by the wiring, the better it will radiate. Remember that a counterpoise is part the antenna -- it carries antenna return current. In a simple end-fed wire, the current on the both sides of the feedpoint is the same, and varies along both wires like any other antenna, and is forced to near zero at the ends.

Perhaps another way to phrase it:

In your experience, given a wall wart that plugs in directly, with a dc
cord, do you find that adding say 2000 ohms of common-mode choking
impedance to the dc cord, right at the device, will significantly reduce
the common-mode current that the device creates on the mains wiring,
least typically?  If so, is it reasonable to think of this as "end fed
antenna, once counterpoise is taken away, doesn't work as well"?

The short answer is that there are an infinite number of ways that all of the wires that can be interconnected on both the power side and the DC side in real installations. Remember that all of these wires are part of an antenna that can be very simple (one wallwart, one thing it powers with no other wires connected) or very complex, with multiple wires on the equipment side. Think radios, or a home entertainment system, or a computer hookup. In other words, it's rarely as simple as an endfed antenna. Real life problems are rarely as simple as those we study in school. (Which is also true in the rest of life.)

And the effectiveness of any choke will depend on the impedance at the point on the antenna where we place it. If it's at a low current point, like the feedpoint of an endfed half-wave, it's much less effective than if it's at a high current point, like the feedpoint of a quarter-wave with radials or a counterpoise.

My advice is to start with a choke on the DC side of every PSU. That may or may not be enough (and what is enough on one or more bands may not be on others. Use a sniffer like what I talked about in another post yesterday to see if the noise is present on other wiring, If so, choke it too. The noise produced by real world sources often varies a lot with frequency, and antennas work differently with frequency and length.

There's a photo in the ARRL Handbook of a 10-outlet AC power distribution box that I built with the components to standard electrical backboxes for ganged switches and outlets, with a lot of PSUs for computers and other equipment. There's a choke on the AC input to that box, and on the DC side of each of the PSUs. The photos are also Fig 30b in k9yc.com/RFI-Ham.pdf

The key to much of this is understanding how antennas work. If you need a refresher, the ARRL Handbook and Antenna Book are great resources. The first parts of almost every topic starts out with the fundamental concepts and works on to more complex stuff.

Hope this helps.

73, Jim K9YC



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